Adorno, Theodor Weisengrund (1903-1969)
Al-Farabi, Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarkhan ibn Awzalagh (870-950)
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad (1058-1111)
Al-Khayyam, Omar (1044-1123)
Al-Khwarizmi, Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Musa (c. 780-c. 850)
Al-Kindi, Abu Yusuf Yakub ibn Ishaq (803-873)
Al-Mutanabbi (915-965)
Ampère, André Marie (1775-1836)
Anassagora (c. 500-428 B.C.)
Apion (first century)
Apollonius Molon (first century B.C.)
Aquino, San Tommaso (1225-1274)
Archimede (287-212 a.C.)
Arendt, Hannah (1906-1975)
Aristotele (384-322 a.C.)
Agostino, Santo (354-430)
Aurelius, Marcus (121-180)
Averroè – Abul-Waleed Muhammad ibn Rushd (1126-1198)
Avicenna – Abul Ali al-Husayn ibn Abd Allah ibn Sina (980-1037)
B
Babbage, Charles (1792-1871)
Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750)
Bacon, Ruggero (c. 1214-1294)
Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von (1835-1917)
Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich (1814-1876)
Baudrillard, Jean (n. 1929)
Beethoven, Ludvig van (1770-1827)
Bell, Alexander Graham (1847-1922)
Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832)
Bergson, Henri (1859-1941)
Berkeley, George (1685-1753)
Berliner, Emile (1851-1929)
Bernoulli, Daniel (1700-1782)
Bethe, Hans Albrecht (b. 1906)
Bohm, David (1917-1992)
Bohr, Niels (1885-1962)
Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844-1906)
Boole, George (1815-1864)
Braun, Werner von (1912-1977)
Brecht, Bertolt (1898-1956)
Broglie, Louis Victor de (1892-1987)
Bromley, David Allan (b. 1926)
Buber, Martin (1878-1965)
Buddha – Siddhartha Gautama (c. 563-c. 483 a.C.)
Bunge, Mario (n. 1919)
Burke, Edmund (1729-1797)
C
Camus, Albert (1913-1960)
Cardano, Gerolamo – Geronimo (1501-1576)
Carlson, Chester Floyd (1906-1968)
Carnap, Rudolph (1891-1970)
Carnegie, Andrew (1835-1919)
Carnot, Sadi (1796-1832)
Cassirer, Ernst (1874-1945)
Chomsky, Noam (b. 1928)
Chopin, Frédéric François (1810-1849)
Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106-43 a.C.)
Clausewitz, Carl von (1780-1831)
Confucius – Master Kong (551-479 a.C.)
Copernicus, Nicholas (1473-1543)
Crick, Francis Harry Compton (1916-2004)
Curie, Marie – Manja Sklodowska (1867-1934)
D
da Vinci, Leonardo (1452-1519)
Dante, Alighieri (1265-1321)
Darwin, Charles Robert (1809-1882)
Deleuze, Gilles (1925-1995)
Deming, William Edwards (1900-1993)
Democrito (c. 460-c. 370 a.C.)
Derrida, Jacques (1929-2004)
Descartes, René (1596-1650)
Dewey, John (1859-1952)
Dilthey, Wilhelm (1833-1911)
Diodoro, Siculo (I sec a.C.)
Diogene (c. 412-323 a.C.)
Dirac, Paul A. M. (1902-1984)
Doppler, Christian Johann (1803-1853)
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Michailovich (1821-1881)
Drucker, Peter Ferdinand (b. 1909)
E
Edison, Thomas Alva (1847-1931)
Einstein, Albert (1879-1955)
Empedocle (c. 495-c. 435 a.C.)
Engels, Friedrich (1820-1895)
Epicuro (341-270 a.C.)
Eraclito (c. 535-c. 475 a.C.)
Erasmo, (c. 1466-1536)
Euclide (c. 325-c. 265 a.C.)
F
Faraday, Michael (1791-1867)
Ferma, Pierre de (1601-1665)
Fermi, Enrico (1901-1954)
Feyerabend, Paul Karl (1924-1994)
Feynman, Richard Phillips (1918-1988)
Fichte, Johann (1762-1814)
Filone di Alessandria (ca. 20 a.C-50)
Ford, Henry (1863-1947)
Foucault, Michel (1926-1984)
Fourier, Baron Jean Baptiste Joseph (1768-1830)
Franklin, Benjamin (1706-1790)
Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939)
Friedman, Milton (b. 1912)
Fromm, Erich (1900-1980)
G
Galbraith, John Kenneth (b. 1908)
Galileo, Galilei (1564-1642)
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand – Mahatma (1869-1948)
Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777-1855)
Gell-Man, Murray (b. 1929)
Gesell, Silvio (1862-1930)
Ghent, William James
Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839-1903)
Gibran, Gibran Kahlil (1883-1931)
Giustino Martire, Santo (c. 100-c. 165)
Gobineau, Joseph Arthur, Comte de (1816-1882)
Goddard, Robert H. (1882-1945)
Gödel, Kurt (1906-1978)
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832)
Guevara, Che – Ernesto Guevara de la Serna (1928-1967)
Gutenberg, Johannes (c. 1400-1468)
H
Hahn, Otto (1879-1968)
Hamilton, Alexander (1755-1804)
Hamilton, Sir William Rowan (1805-1865)
Hammurabi (reigned 1795-1750 a.C.)
Handel, George Frideric (1685-1759)
Hawking, Stephen William (b. 1942)
Hayek, Friedrich August von (1899-1992)
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831)
Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von (1821-1894)
Heidegger, Martin (1889-1976)
Heisenberg, Werner (1901-1976)
Henry, Joseph (1791-1878)
Herder, Johann Gottfried von (1744-1803)
Herodotus (c. 484-c. 425 a.C.)
Hertz, Heinrich Rudolph (1857-1894)
Hertzl, Theodor – Binyamin Ze’ev (1860-1904)
Hillel (c. 70 a.C.-10 A.D.)
Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679)
Homer (ca. 850-800 a.C.)
Huygens, Christiaan (1629-1695)
Hume, David (1711-1776)
Husserl, Edmund (1859-1938)
Huxley, Aldous Leonard (1894-1963)
I
Ibn Khaldun, Abd al-Rahman Abu Zayd ibn Muhammad (1332-1406)
Ippocrate (c. 460-c. 370 a.C.)
K
Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804)
Kepler, Johannes (1571-1630)
Kettering, Charles Franklin (1876-1958)
Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946)
Kierkegaard, Søren Aaby (1813-1855)
King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968)
Kramer, Heinrich (morto nel 1505)
J
James, William (1842-1910)
Jaspers, Karl Theodor (1883-1969)
Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826)
Jomini, Baron Antoine Henri de (1779-1869)
Joule, James P. (1818-1889)
John Paul II, Pope – Karol Józef Wojtyla (b. 1920)
Josephus, Flavius (37-c. 95)
Jung, Carl (1875-1961)
L
Lagrange, Comte Joseph Louis (1736-1813)
Land, Edwin Herbert (1909-1991)
Lao-Tzu (c. 604-531 a.C.)
Laplace, Marquis Pierre Simon de (1749-1827)
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Baron von (1646-1716)
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (1870-1924)
Liebig, Baron Justus von (1803-1879)
Lindblom, Charles Edward (b. 1917)
Liszt, Franz (1811-1886)
Livy (59 a.C.-17)
Locke, John (1632-1704)
Lonergan, Bernard Joseph Francis (1904-1984)
Lorenz, Konrad (1903-1989)
Lucrezio, Tito Caro (c. 99-c. 55 a.C.)
Lully, Jean-Baptiste (1632-1687)
Lutero, Martin (1483-1546)
Lyotard, Jean-François (n. 1924)
M
Machiavelli, Niccoló (1469-1527)
Madison, James (1751-1836)
Maimonides – Moses Ben Maimon – Abu Imran Musa ben Maimun ibn Abd Allah (1135-1204)
Malebranche, Nicolas (1638-1715)
Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834)
Manetho (3rd century a.C.)
Mani (c. 216-c. 276)
Marcion (c. 84-160)
Marcuse, Herbert (1898-1979)
Marx, Karl (1818-1883)
Maxwell, James Clerk (1831-1879)
Mayer, Maria Goeppert (1906-1972)
Medawar, Sir Peter Brian (1915-1987)
Meitner, Lise (1878-1968)
Mencius – Master Meng (c. 370-290 a.C.)
Mendel, Gregor Johann (1822-1884)
Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich (1834-1907)
Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873)
Minkowski, Hermann (1864-1909)
Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat (1689-1755)
Moore, George Edward (1873-1958)
More, Sir Thomas (1478-1535)
Morse, Samuel Finley Breese (1791-1872)
Moses – Osarseph, Egyptian priest (c. 1250 a.C.)
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791)
Mumford, Lewis (1895-1990)
N
Nader, Ralph (n. 1934)
Newton, Isaac (1642-1727)
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1844-1900)
Noyce, Robert N. (1927-1989)
Nozick, Robert (n. 1938)
O
Ockham, Guglielmo (c.1285-c. 1349)
Oppenheimer, J. Robert (1904-1967)
Origene (c. 185-c. 254)
Orwell, George – Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950)
P
Pagels, Elaine Hiesey (n. 1943)
Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)
Pareto, Vilfredo (1848-1923)
Parmenide (n. c. 515 a.C.)
Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662)
Pasteur, Louis (1822-1895)
Pauli, Wolfgang (1900-1958)
Pauling, Linus C. (1901-1994)
Peirce, Charles Sanders (1838-1914)
Penrose, Sir Roger (a. 1931)
Penzias, Arno Allan (n. 1933)
Pitagora (569-475 a.C.)
Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig (1858-1947)
Platone (427-347 a.C.)
Plotino (205-270)
Plutarco (c. 45-c. 125)
Poincaré, Jules Henri (1854-1912)
Poisson, Siméon Denis (1781-1840)
Popper, Karl Raymund (1902-1994)
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865)
Q
Quine, Willard Van Orman (n. 1908)
R
Raiffa, Howard (n. 1924)
Rand, Ayn – Alyssa Rosenbaum (1905-1982)
Rawls, John (1921-2002)
Ricardo, David (1772-1823)
Ricoeur, Paul (n. 1913)
Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard (1826-1866)
Rockefeller, John Davison (1839-1937)
Rorty, Richard (n. 1931)
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-1778)
Russell, Bertrand Arthur William (1872-1970)
Rutherford, Ernest (1871-1937)
S
Sartre, Jean-Paul (1905-1980)
Schäfer, Peter (n. 1943)
Scharper, Stephen Bede (n. 1960)
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von (1775-1854)
Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788-1860)
Schrödinger, Irwin (1887-1961)
Schumpeter, Joseph Alois (1883-1950)
Schweitzer, Albert (1875-1965)
Segrè, Emilio Gino (1905-1989)
Senofane, (c. 570 – c. 478 a.C.)
Shakespeare, William (1564-1616)
Smith, Adam (1723-1790)
Sofocle (c. 496-406 a.C.)
Soros, George (n. 1930)
Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903)
Spengler, Oswald (1880-1936)
Spinoza, Baruch – Benedictus de (1632-1677)
Sprenger, James (c. 1437-1495)
Steinmetz, Charles Proteus (1865-1923)
T
Tacitus, Publius Cornelius (c. 56-120)
Taylor, Frederick Winslow (1856-1915)
Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilitch – Pyotr Ilyitch (1840-1893)
Teller, Edward (n. 1908)
Tesla, Nicola (1856-1943)
Thoreau, Henry David (1817-1862)
Tipler, Frank J.
Tocqueville, Alexis Charles Henri Clérel de (1805-1859)
Tolstoy, Leo (1828-1910)
Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1889-1975)
Trudeau, Pierre Elliott (1919-2000)
Tucidide (c. 460 -c. 400 a.C.)
Turing, Alan Mathison (1912-1954)
U
V
Van de Graaff, Robert Jemison (1901-1967)
Veblen, Thorstein Bunde (1857-1929)
Voltaire – François Marie Arouet (1694-1778)
von Neumann, John (1903-1957)Â
W
Wagner, Richard (1813-1883)
Washington, George (1732-1799)
Weber, Max (1864-1920)
Whitehead, Alfred North (1861-1947)
Whitney, Eli (1765-1825)
Wiener, Norbert (1894-1964)
Wigner, Eugene Paul (1902-1995)
Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick (1916-2004)
Wittgenstein, Ludwig Joseph Johan (1889-1951)
Wright, Orville (1871-1948)
Wright, Wilbur (1867-1912)
Z
Zedong, Mao – Mao Tse-tung (1893-1976)